泰州市居民健康知识与行为素养水平分离情况的分析

目的 分析健康知识与健康行为相分离的影响因素,为制订科学的健康干预措施提供依据.方法 采用多阶段分层抽样及统一的调查问卷,于2013年9 ～10月对15～ 69周岁居民进行健康素养监测现场调查.结果 共调查了3 975人,有效样本数3 809份,样本回收率95.8％,其中筛选出知行分离768人(21.16％),知行统一241人(6.32％),单因素分析显示,知行分离比例在不同地区、学历、职业及具备不同纬度健康素养水平的人群分布中差异有统计学意义(均有P＜0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,综合健康素养水平、传染病预防素养水平、慢性病预防素养水平、基本医疗素养水平为影响知行分离的主要影响因素.结论 知行分离现象在各类人群中普遍存在,健康素养水平的提高对人群知行分离的减少具有重要作用,将健康素养作为健康教育与健康促进工作的重点是有效的,也是非常必要的.     

Integrating family planning and HIV services in western Kenya: the impact on HIV-infected patients’ knowledge of family planning and male attitudes toward family planning

Little information exists on the impact of integrating family planning (FP) services into HIV care and treatment on patients’ familiarity with and attitudes toward FP. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial in 18 public HIV clinics with 12 randomized to integrated FP and HIV services and 6 to the standard referral-based system where patients are referred to an FP clinic. Serial cross-sectional surveys were done before (n = 488 women, 486 men) and after (n = 479 women, 481 men) the intervention to compare changes in familiarity with FP methods and attitudes toward FP between integrated and nonintegrated (NI) sites. We created an FP familiarity score based on the number of more effective FP methods patients could identify (score range: 0–6). Generalized estimating equations were used to control for clustering within sites. An increase in mean familiarity score between baseline (mean = 5.16) and post-intervention (mean = 5.46) occurred with an overall mean change of 0.26 (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 0.09, 0.45; p = 0.003) across all sites. At end line, there was no difference in increase of mean FP familiarity scores at intervention versus control sites (mean = 5.41 vs. 5.49, p = 0.94). We observed a relative decrease in the proportion of males agreeing that FP was “women’s business” at integrated sites (baseline 42% to end line 30%; reduction of 12%) compared to males at NI sites (baseline 35% to end line 42%; increase of 7%; adjusted odds ration [aOR] = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.85). Following FP–HIV integration, familiarity with FP methods increased but did not differ by study arm. Integration was associated with a decrease in negative attitudes toward FP among men.     

旬阳县蜀河镇村级药具免费发放点功能作用情况调查研究

目的了解旬阳县蜀河镇已婚育龄妇女避孕节育知识知晓程度和接受避孕节育服务情况，村级药具发放点现状及存在问题。方法采用随机数字表法，抽取了285名旬阳县蜀河镇内的22个行政村和一个居委会的已婚育龄妇女为调查对象进行问卷调查；查看了22个村级、1个居委会药具发放点的发放和库存情况。结果有效问卷342份。调查对象使用药具基本情况院接受避孕节育知识教育比例99%，口服避孕药30.53%，外用避孕药及避孕套68.77%，皮埋0.7%。实施避孕措施失败率3.5%。村级发放点人员文化程度院初中65%，高中及中专30%，其它5%。接受药具知识培训100%，存档备案但均未办理上岗证，无职称。报酬落实100%。发放点品种在5种以上90%，3个品种10%，发现存在过期、失效、霉变等1.6%，原因为过期、失效。发放点保证发放周期每月1次占97%。结论村级避孕节育知识的宣传普及、咨询和随访服务以及提高卫生资源的利用方面，应进一步改善服务，提高服务质量。村级发放点人员整体文化水平不高，专业知识解答能力不足，但通过经常性开展工作，基本满足了农村育龄群众对避孕药具的服务需求。     

基于图书馆知识资本循环系统支持的隐性知识转移机制研究

概述知识资本理论的主要观点；分析图书馆知识资本构成、循环的特点；构建图书馆知识资本循环系统知识转移模型和隐性知识转移机制模型；对图书馆知识资本内部结构和外部结构及其对应的内循环和外循环机制进行分析；揭示了图书馆隐性知识转移机制是系统综合机制。     

骨科护理带教应用情景模拟教学法对教学质量的影响

目的探讨在骨科护理带教中应用情景模拟教学法对教学质量的影响。方法按照随机采样的方式,将我院2018年1月—2020年1月骨科接收的实习护生110名作为研究对象。根据教学方式的差异,将其划分为对照组(n=55,采取传统护理带教方案)、观察组(n=55,采取情景模拟教学法)。从理论知识掌握状况和操作能力水平来进行教学质量评估,且评估两组护生对带教的满意度。结果观察组实习护生的理论知识与操作能力评分相较于对照组更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组实习护生对护理带教满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在骨科护理带教中,运用情景模拟教学法,能够有效地优化教学质量和护生的学习态度。     

COVID-19: A year later: The National Collaborating Centre for Healthy Public Policy in times of COVID-19: Building skills to “Build Back Better”

This article, the second in a series on the six National Collaborating Centres for Public Health, focuses on the National Collaborating Centre for Healthy Public Policy (NCCHPP), a centre of expertise, and knowledge synthesis and sharing that supports public health actors in Canada in their efforts to develop and promote healthy public policy.The article briefly describes the NCCHPP’s mandate and programming, noting some of the resources that are particularly relevant in the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) context. It then discusses how the NCCHPP’s programming has been adapted to meet the changing needs of public health actors throughout the pandemic. These needs have been strongly tied to decisions aimed at containing the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and mitigating its immediate impacts in various societal sectors since the beginning of the crisis. Needs have also gradually emerged related to how public health is expected to help inform the development of public policies that will allow us to “build back better” societies as we recover from the pandemic. The article concludes by discussing the orientation of the NCCHPP’s future work as we emerge from the COVID-19 crisis.     

Rural–urban disparities in knowledge,behaviors, and mental health during COVID-19 pandemic: A community-based cross-sectional survey

To examine the knowledge level, behaviors, and psychological status of the Chinese population during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to explore the differences between urban and rural areas.We carried out a cross-sectional survey of the knowledge, behaviors related to COVID-19, and mental health in a probability sample of 3001 community residents in 30 provinces or districts across China from February 16–23, 2020. Convenience sampling and a snowball sampling were adopted. We used General Anxiety Disorder (GAD), the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and knowledge and behaviors questionnaire of community residents regarding COVID-19 designed by us to investigate the psychological status, disease-related knowledge, and the behavior of Chinese urban and rural residents during the pandemic.The average score of anxiety and depression among urban residents was 9.15 and 11.25, respectively, while the figures in rural areas were 8.69 and 10.57, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the levels of anxiety (P < .01) and depression (P < .01). Urban participants reported significantly higher levels of knowledge regarding COVID-19 in all aspects (transmission, prevention measures, symptoms of infection, treatment, and prognosis) (P < .01), compared to their rural counterparts. While a majority of respondents in urban areas obtained knowledge through WeChat, other apps, and the Internet (P < .01), residents in rural areas accessed information through interactions with the community (P < .01). Urban residents fared well in exchanging knowledge about COVID-19 and advising others to take preventive measures (P < .01), but fared poorly in advising people to visit a hospital if they displayed symptoms of the disease, compared to rural residents (P < .01). Regression analysis with behavior showed that being female (OR = 2.106, 95%CI = 1.259–3.522), aged 18 ≤ age < 65 (OR = 4.059, 95%CI = 2.166–7.607), being satisfied with the precautions taken by the community (OR = 2.594, 95%CI = 1.485–4.530), disinfecting public facilities in the community (OR = 2.342, 95%CI = 1.206–4.547), having knowledge of transmission modes (OR = 3.987, 95%CI: 2.039, 7.798), symptoms (OR = 2.045, 95%CI = 1.054–4.003), and outcomes (OR = 2.740, 95%CI = 1.513–4.962) of COVID-19, and not having anxiety symptoms (OR = 2.578, 95%CI = 1.127–5.901) were positively associated with affirmative behavior in urban areas. Being married (OR = 4.960, 95%CI = 2.608–9.434), being satisfied with the precautions taken by the community (OR = 2.484, 95%CI = 1.315–4.691), screening to ensure face mask wearing before entering the community (OR = 8.809, 95%CI = 2.649–19.294), and having knowledge about precautions (OR = 4.886, 95%CI = 2.604–9.167) and outcomes (OR = 2.657, 95%CI = 1.309–5.391) were positively associated with acceptable conduct in rural areas.The status of anxiety and depression among urban residents was more severe compared to those living in rural areas. There was a difference in being positively associated with constructive behaviors between rural and urban areas.